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Since 1901 , the awarding of the Nobel Prizes has been among the most tight watched — and , at times , the most controversial — ceremony in the world . And the 2013 Nobel Prizes , which will be announced over several days beginning Monday ( Oct. 7 ) , will not be any different .
Alfred Nobel(1833 - 1896 ) ground the Nobel Prizes in his last will and testament . Nobel stipulated that prizes should be given in five categories : Physics , Chemistry , Physiology or Medicine , Literature and Peace . In 1968 , a 6th category was added : Economic Sciences .
The profile of Alfred Nobel appears on the side of the Nobel Peace Center in Oslo, Norway.
The winners are take by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet , the Swedish Academy and the Norwegian Nobel Committee . The winner are denote in October , and then the prizes are given to recipients in December at a stately observance in Stockholm , Sweden ; the Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo , Norway . The observance takes place each twelvemonth on Dec. 10 , the day of remembrance of Alfred Nobel ’s death . [ The 10 Noblest Nobel Prize Winners of All Time ]
This year , the award for Physiology or Medicine will be announced on Monday , Oct. 7 ; the accolade for Physics will be announced on Tuesday , Oct. 8 ; the award for Chemistry will be announced on Wednesday , Oct. 9 ; the award for Peace will be announce on Friday , Oct. 11 ; and the award for Economic Sciences will be announced on Monday , Oct. 14 . The Literature Prize succeeder will be announced on a to - be - settle date . The honour announcement will also be webcast live on NobelPrize.org .
Despite the prestigious nature of theNobel Prizes — or , perhaps , because of it — the choice of whom to accolade has been steep in controversy . This may be appropriate , because the awarding were themselves suffer in controversy : Alfred Nobel became wealthy through his invention of dynamite and other explosives , many of which were used in war , though Nobel was widely jazz to be a pacifist . Historians believe the prize were a mode for Nobel to ensure his legacy would be about more than death and destruction .
One controversial award was the 1949 prize for Physiology or Medicine , which went to neurologist António Egas Moniz , who developed the prefrontal lobotomy . Another was the 1918 award for Chemistry , give to Fritz Haber , who actively promoted the use of chemical artillery in war .
The accolade have also been accuse of get a left - extension bias , particularly the Peace prize . In 2009 , President Barack Obama won the Peace prize , though he had been in office less than 10 months . ( Obama himself declare that he did not deserve the prize . ) And in 2007 , Al Gore and theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Changewere awarded the Peace Prize , outraging many political conservativist .
